Leon Perez Edher Noe
Rojas Vasquez Beyra Iliana
Grupo:136
COBAO 04 "EL TULE"
PRESENTACIÓN DEL TEMA EN ESPAÑOL
I.-TEMA:
PROTOTIPOS TEXTUALES
II.-PRESENTACION:
Escogimos
este tema debido a que se nos figuró un tema interesante, y queríamos
comprender mejor el porqué de cada uno de los prototipos textuales, qué es lo
que abarcan, qué los caracteriza, en qué se diferencian, y de qué manera
podíamos conocer más acerca de ellos.
Los
prototipos textuales son el conjunto de características que tienen en común
algunos textos, escritos o hablados, en otras palabras se refiere a un tipo de
división que se utiliza para sistematizar un texto cualquiera, y colocarlo en
una categoría (prototipo textual), en base a esto parten lo que son los géneros
literarios.
Los textos
en general están posibilitados de tener más de un prototipo textual, por
ejemplo una novela, que si bien es un género característico de la narración,
pero también suele incluir descripciones, explicaciones, guiones y hasta
argumentaciones.
Los
prototipos textuales se dividen en: narración, descripción, exposición,
argumentación y diálogo.
Nosotros
solemos utilizar los prototipos textuales en la vida cotidiana, casi sin darnos
cuenta, como cuando contamos una anécdota pues en ella estamos empleando la
narración, cuando charlamos con un amigo es básicamente un diálogo de la vida
real, en ellos se basan los que aparecen en las películas, también cuando
estamos explicando algo a otra persona lo que hacemos es exponer, e inclusive;
al hecho de discutir con alguien y exponer nuestro punto de vista puede
llamársele argumentación.
III.-INTRODUCCIÓN:
Prototipos
Textuales.
Los
prototipos textuales son las características estructurales de los textos que
definen un texto como tal. Cada prototipo textual tiene un lenguaje específico
y estructuras externas e internas particulares.
Las
características externas. Son aquellas que se observan a simple vista sin
necesidad de leer el texto y se refiere a la distribución del contenido y al
esquema de presentación.
Las
características internas. Estas son aquellas características que se observan al
leer un texto tales como la objetividad, subjetividad, marcas textuales, modos
discursivos y prototipos textuales.
IV.-DESAROLLO:
Los
prototipos textuales son:
Narración
Descripción
Exposición
Argumentación
Dialogo
Definiremos
brevemente los prototipos textuales:
Narración
Esta es una
de las más empleadas para la comunicación cotidiana, se usa para informar,
argumentar, persuadir, divertir, intrigar, entre otros.
Su estructura se divide en tres partes; planteamiento o situación inicial, desarrollo, complicación o nudo, y desenlace.
Su estructura se divide en tres partes; planteamiento o situación inicial, desarrollo, complicación o nudo, y desenlace.
Características internas
• Temporalidad – se refiere a la sucesión de acontecimientos.
• Unidad temática – habla de la unidad, la cual se garantiza cuando hay cohesión entre un sujeto y una accin.
• Transformación – cuando los estados cambian. Por ejemplo “de guerra a paz”.
• Unidad de acción – es el proceso de integración. Por medio de éste se pasa de un planteamiento a un desenlace, osease, se crea una transformación.
• Causalidad – se refiere a que los acontecimientos están vinculados por relaciones causales.
La narración se construye con un tiempo verbal, generalmente pretérito y pretérito indefinido, y también se plantea a partir de un punto de vista; puede ser en primera persona (conocida como narrador protagonista), en segunda (conocida como narrador testigo) y en tercera (conocida como narrador omnisciente).
Ejemplo de
narración:
"Cuando
volvieron los obregonistas se me presentó Doña Adelina de la Parra y me dio de
alta.
Le devolví la
casa, me hizo cuentas y no faltaba nada; sus muebles intactos. Le dije lo que
ganaban ahora las criadas, la lavandera, las muchachas y la cocinera porque a
todas les subí el sueldo. Le entregué toda la ropa que me dejó; y otra que yo
mandé hacer; sábanas, colchas, manteles, todo lo que estaba luido. Lo demás,
así como lo dejó se lo regresé."
Descripción
La Descripción constituye una
representación lingüística del mundo real o ya sea imaginario (como personas,
animales, lugares, situaciones, ETC…) permitiendo expresar la percepción a
través de los sentidos y la mente (recuerdos, asociaciones, fantasías,
interpretaciones).
Su Intención Comunicativa es: informar,
persuadir, conmover, criticar, entre otras.
Responde a varias preguntas como: ¿Qué
es?, ¿Cómo es?, ¿Qué partes tiene?, ¿Para qué sirve?, ¿Cómo se comporta?,
Etcétera.
Su estructura está a base del esquema
modelo: tema, aspectos del tema (cualidades y partes), y relaciones de
situación (lugar y tiempo)
Características Internas
• Presenta un punto de vista ya sea
objetico o subjetivo
• Emplea un léxico nominal; es decir que
usa sustantivos y verbos
Ejemplo de
descripción:
Platero es
pequeño, peludo, suave; tan blando por fuera, que se diría todo de algodón, que
no lleva huesos. Sólo los espejos de azabache de sus ojos son duros cual dos
escarabajos de cristal negro.
Lo dejo
suelto, y se va al prado, y acaricia tibiamente con su hocico, rozándolas
apenas, las florecillas rosas, celestes y gualdas... Lo llamo dulcemente: «
¿Platero? », y viene a mí con un trotecillo alegre que parece que se ríe, en no
sé qué cascabeleo ideal...
Exposición
La Exposición constituye un conjunto de
datos} sobre un tema obtenidos de manera empírica, a manera de reflexión o
investigación y cuyo propósito es saber, comprender y aclarar, lo cual
presupone que el destinatario con algún consentimiento que utilice como un
punto de partida para estos fines.
La exposición tiene como estructuras: la introducción, el desarrollo, y la concusión donde se resuelven todas las incógnitas del tema
Cuneta con diversas características internas como:
• Se escribe siempre en tercera persona o en modo impersonal
• Formas verbales
• Registro lingüístico
• Empleo de definiciones, clasificaciones, ejemplificaciones, etc.
• Utilizan conectores para hacer explicitas las relaciones entre las ideas
• Precisión léxica
Es muy utilizado en diversos tipos textuales como: enciclopedias, diccionarios, noticias, textos de divulgación, reportajes, etc.
La exposición tiene como estructuras: la introducción, el desarrollo, y la concusión donde se resuelven todas las incógnitas del tema
Cuneta con diversas características internas como:
• Se escribe siempre en tercera persona o en modo impersonal
• Formas verbales
• Registro lingüístico
• Empleo de definiciones, clasificaciones, ejemplificaciones, etc.
• Utilizan conectores para hacer explicitas las relaciones entre las ideas
• Precisión léxica
Es muy utilizado en diversos tipos textuales como: enciclopedias, diccionarios, noticias, textos de divulgación, reportajes, etc.
Ejemplo de exposición:
Los
principales medios de comunicación son… Cumplen un papel muy importante en la
sociedad actual, porque…
Los medios
de comunicación tienen muchas ventajas; entre otras, hay que destacar que
gracias a ellos…
No obstante,
también es cierto que los medios en ocasiones presentan algunos inconvenientes,
como por ejemplo,…
En cuanto a
la comparación que pueda hacerse entre ellos, hay que decir que todos destacan
por alguna virtud. Así, la radio… La prensa, por su parte,… La televisión… Y,
finalmente, Internet… En conclusión, la sociedad actual no puede entenderse
sin…
Argumentación
La
estructura básica de la argumentación se divide en premisas (datos iniciales) y
argumentos (puros de vista basada en las premisas a partir de razones). La
argumentación es una forma discursiva siempre presente en la vida social,
pública y privada.
Tiene como finalidad el convencer y/o persuadir a través de argumentos que apelan a la racionalidad o la emoción del destinatario.
Tiene las siguientes características internas:
Emplea ejemplificaciones, analogías, citas, silogismos deductivos etc.
Se usa en primera o segunda persona para establecer un contacto directo
Expresa tanto juicios como opiniones subjetivas
Se apoya en conceptos y datos
Utiliza conectores que destaca relaciones entre las ideas
Predomina es diferentes tipos textuales tales como: ensayos, artículos de opinión, debates, mesas redondas, discursos, entre otros.
Tiene como finalidad el convencer y/o persuadir a través de argumentos que apelan a la racionalidad o la emoción del destinatario.
Tiene las siguientes características internas:
Emplea ejemplificaciones, analogías, citas, silogismos deductivos etc.
Se usa en primera o segunda persona para establecer un contacto directo
Expresa tanto juicios como opiniones subjetivas
Se apoya en conceptos y datos
Utiliza conectores que destaca relaciones entre las ideas
Predomina es diferentes tipos textuales tales como: ensayos, artículos de opinión, debates, mesas redondas, discursos, entre otros.
Ejemplo de
argumentación:
Usted debe
usar los Servicios Chapuceros; de las cuarenta personas en su área que han
tratado con estos servicios, más de dos docenas han quedado absolutamente
satisfechas.
Diálogo
Es la forma
básica de la comunicación humana, a través de la conversación espontánea
y su objetivo puede ser: convencer, explicar, describir, seducir, engañar,
discutir, narrar, entre muchas otras.
Se
estructura en secuencias dialogales a partir de la intervención de cada
interlocutor y cada una se identifica por medio de marcas graficas; esto quiere
decir utilizando más o menos la forma de un guion.
Características
internas:
Su léxico,
registros lingüísticos, modos verbales, et. Deben de ser de forma particular,
debido a que cada interlocutor es diferente y puede pensar de mil maneras
diferentes a la de otro interlocutor.
Ejemplo de
diálogo:
Mozo:
¿Señor, que desea cenar esta noche?
Cliente: Me
gustaría probar el plato creado por el famoso cocinero de aquí.
Mozo: Muy
bien. ¿Con que bebida desea acompañarlo?
Cliente: Con
algún fino vino tinto.
Mozo:
Excelente, ya le traigo su pedido, cualquier duda o cambio del menú no dude en
llamarme.
Cliente:
Muchas gracias.
V.-
CONCLUSIÓN:
Los prototipos textuales son las
características estructurales de los textos que definen un texto como tal. Cada
prototipo textual tiene un lenguaje específico y estructuras externas e
internas particulares.
VI.-
EVALUACIÓN:
1. ¿Qué
son los prototipos textuales?
2. ¿Cuál
es la diferencia entre las características internas y externas de los
prototipos textuales?
3. ¿Qué
es la narración?
4. ¿Cuáles
son las características internas de la
narración?
5. Cita
un ejemplo de narración
6. ¿Qué
es la descripción?
7. ¿Cuáles
son las características internas de la descripción?
8. Cita
un ejemplo de descripción
9. ¿Qué
es la exposición?
10. ¿Cuáles
son las características internas de la exposición?
11. Cita
un ejemplo de exposición
12. ¿Qué
es la argumentación?
13. ¿Cuáles
son las características internas de la argumentación?
14. Cita
un ejemplo de argumentación
15. ¿Qué
es el dialogo?
16. ¿Cuáles
son las características internas del dialogo?
17. Cita
un ejemplo de dialogo
PRESENTATION TOPIC IN SPANISH
I. SUBJECT: TEXTUAL PROTOTYPES
II.-PRESENTATION:
We chose this topic because we figured an interesting topic, and wanted to better understand why each of the prototypes Support, what they cover, what characterizes them, how they differ, and how we could learn more about them.
Prototypes Support are the set of features they have in common some texts, written or spoken, in other words it refers to a type of division used to systematize any text, and place it in a category (textual prototype) based this start what are the literary genres.
The texts are generally made possible to have more than one textual prototype, such as a novel, although it is a characteristic genre of the narrative, but also typically includes descriptions, explanations, scripts and even arguments.
The prototype consists of textual narration, description, exposition, argumentation and dialogue.
We usually use the textual prototype in everyday life, almost without realizing it, as when we have a story in it because we are using the narrative, when we chatted with a friend is basically a real-life dialogue, based on them which appear in movies, even when we are explaining something to someone else you do is expose, and inclusive; the fact of arguing with someone and explain our point of view can be called argument.
III.-INTRODUCTION:
Textual Prototyping.
Support Prototypes are the structural features of the texts that define a text as such. Each prototype has a specific textual language and particular external and internal structures.
External features. Are those that are easily visible without reading the text and refers to the distribution of content and presentation scheme.
Internal features. These are the characteristics that are observed when reading a text such as objectivity, subjectivity, textual marks, textual discursive modes and prototypes.
IV.-DEVELOPMENT:
Support The prototypes are:
narration
Description
Exhibition
argumentation
dialogue
Briefly define prototypes Support:
narration
This is one of the most used for everyday communication used to inform, argue, persuade, entertain, intrigue, among others.
Its structure is divided into three parts; approach or initial situation, development, complication or knot, and end.
internal Features
• Seasonality - refers to the sequence of events.
• Topic - speaks of unity, which is guaranteed when there is cohesion between a subject and an action.
• Transformation - when states change. For example "from war to peace."
• Unity of action - is the process of integration. Through it passes from one approach to an outcome, osease, a transformation is created.
• Causality - means that events are linked by causal relationships.
The narrative is constructed with a tense, past tense and past indefinite generally, and also arises from a point of view; can be in the first person (known as the protagonist narrator), second (known as witness narrator) and third (known as omniscient narrator).
Example of narrative:
"When I came back I was presented Obregonistas Doña Adelina de la Parra and released me.
I returned home, I made accounts and nothing was missing; your furniture intact. I told him now earning maids, laundress, cook and girls because they all got the salary. I gave all the clothes you left me; and another which I commanded to do; sheets, bedspreads, tablecloths, all that was dilute. The rest, as I left it back. "
Description
The description is a linguistic representation of the real world or whether imaginary (such as people, animals, places, situations, ETC ...) allowing to express the perception through the senses and the mind (memories, associations, fantasies, interpretations).
Its Communicative Intent is to inform, persuade, move, criticizing, among others.
Answers to questions such as: What is ?, How is ?, What parts have ?, What is ?, How ?, Etcetera behaves.
Its structure is based schema model: subject, aspects of the subject (qualities and parts), and relationship status (place and time)
Internal features
• Presents a view either objetico or subjective
• Employs a nominal lexicon; ie using nouns and verbs
Number example:
Platero is small, furry, soft; so soft on the outside, which would all cotton, not wearing bones. Only the jet mirrors of his eyes are hard like two beetles of black glass.
I leave it loose, and goes to the meadow, and warmly caressing with his snout, just rubbing them, roses, blue and their yellow flowers ... I call softly: "Platero? "And comes to me with a cheerful trot seems to laugh, not to know what great jingle ...
Exhibition
The Exhibition is a dataset on a topic} empirically obtained, by way of reflection or investigation whose purpose is to know, understand and clarify, which presupposes that the recipient with a consent to use as a starting point for these purposes.
The exhibition's structure: the introduction, development, and concussion where all the unknowns are solved topic
Gutter with various internal features such as:
• It is always written in the third person or impersonal
• Verb forms
• Linguistic Register
• Job definitions, classifications, instantiations, etc.
• Use connectors to make explicit the relationships between ideas
• Lexical Accuracy
It is widely used in various text types such as encyclopedias, dictionaries, news, factual texts, reports, etc.
Example display:
The mainstream media are ... They play a very important role in today's society because ...
The media have many advantages; among others, it is noteworthy that thanks to them ...
However, it is also true that the media sometimes have some drawbacks, such as ...
As for the comparison can be made between them, it must be said that all out for some virtue. So, the radio ... The press, meanwhile, ... TV ... And finally, Internet ... In conclusion, the present society can not be without ...
argumentation
The basic structure of the argument is divided into premises (baseline data) and arguments (pure view based on the premises from reasons). The argument is a discursive form always present in the social, public and private life.
Its purpose is to convince and / or persuade by arguments that appeal to rationality or emotion of the recipient.
It has the following internal features:
Employs instantiations, analogies, quotes, etc. deductive syllogisms
It is used in first or second person to make direct contact
It expresses both judgments and subjective opinions
It draws on concepts and data
Use connectors highlighting relationships between ideas
Predominates different text types such as essays, opinion pieces, debates, panel discussions, speeches, and more.
Example of argument:
You should use the bunglers Services; forty people in your area who have dealt with these services, more than two dozen have been absolutely satisfied.
dialogue
It is the basic form of human communication, through spontaneous conversation and its goal can be: convince, explain, describe, seduce, deceive, discuss, narrate, among many others.
It dialogic structure sequences from the intervention of each partner and each is identified by means of graphic marks; this means using more or less the form of a script.
Internal features:
Its lexicon, linguistic registers, verbal modes, et. Must be a particular way, because each partner is different and can think of a thousand ways to another party.
Sample dialogue:
Waiter: Sir, you want for dinner tonight?
Customer: I would try the dish created by the famous chef here.
Mozo: Okay. With that wishes to accompany her drink?
Client: With some fine red wine.
Mozo: Excellent, and I bring you your order, or change any questions feel free to call menu.
Customer: Thank you.
V. CONCLUSION:
Support Prototypes are the structural features of the texts that define a text as such. Each prototype has a specific textual language and particular external and internal structures.
VI EVALUATION:
1 What are the prototypes Support?
2 What is the difference between internal and external features of the prototypes Support?
3 What is the story?
4 What are the internal features of the narrative?
5. cites an example of narrative
6 What is the description?
7 What are the internal features of the description?
8 He cites an example of description
9 What is the exposure?
10 What are the internal features of the exhibition?
11 cites an example of exposure
12 What is the argument?
13 What are the internal features of the argument?
14 cites an example of argument
15 What is dialogue?
16 What are the internal features of the dialogue?
17 cites an example of dialogue
I. SUBJECT: TEXTUAL PROTOTYPES
II.-PRESENTATION:
We chose this topic because we figured an interesting topic, and wanted to better understand why each of the prototypes Support, what they cover, what characterizes them, how they differ, and how we could learn more about them.
Prototypes Support are the set of features they have in common some texts, written or spoken, in other words it refers to a type of division used to systematize any text, and place it in a category (textual prototype) based this start what are the literary genres.
The texts are generally made possible to have more than one textual prototype, such as a novel, although it is a characteristic genre of the narrative, but also typically includes descriptions, explanations, scripts and even arguments.
The prototype consists of textual narration, description, exposition, argumentation and dialogue.
We usually use the textual prototype in everyday life, almost without realizing it, as when we have a story in it because we are using the narrative, when we chatted with a friend is basically a real-life dialogue, based on them which appear in movies, even when we are explaining something to someone else you do is expose, and inclusive; the fact of arguing with someone and explain our point of view can be called argument.
III.-INTRODUCTION:
Textual Prototyping.
Support Prototypes are the structural features of the texts that define a text as such. Each prototype has a specific textual language and particular external and internal structures.
External features. Are those that are easily visible without reading the text and refers to the distribution of content and presentation scheme.
Internal features. These are the characteristics that are observed when reading a text such as objectivity, subjectivity, textual marks, textual discursive modes and prototypes.
IV.-DEVELOPMENT:
Support The prototypes are:
narration
Description
Exhibition
argumentation
dialogue
Briefly define prototypes Support:
narration
This is one of the most used for everyday communication used to inform, argue, persuade, entertain, intrigue, among others.
Its structure is divided into three parts; approach or initial situation, development, complication or knot, and end.
internal Features
• Seasonality - refers to the sequence of events.
• Topic - speaks of unity, which is guaranteed when there is cohesion between a subject and an action.
• Transformation - when states change. For example "from war to peace."
• Unity of action - is the process of integration. Through it passes from one approach to an outcome, osease, a transformation is created.
• Causality - means that events are linked by causal relationships.
The narrative is constructed with a tense, past tense and past indefinite generally, and also arises from a point of view; can be in the first person (known as the protagonist narrator), second (known as witness narrator) and third (known as omniscient narrator).
Example of narrative:
"When I came back I was presented Obregonistas Doña Adelina de la Parra and released me.
I returned home, I made accounts and nothing was missing; your furniture intact. I told him now earning maids, laundress, cook and girls because they all got the salary. I gave all the clothes you left me; and another which I commanded to do; sheets, bedspreads, tablecloths, all that was dilute. The rest, as I left it back. "
Description
The description is a linguistic representation of the real world or whether imaginary (such as people, animals, places, situations, ETC ...) allowing to express the perception through the senses and the mind (memories, associations, fantasies, interpretations).
Its Communicative Intent is to inform, persuade, move, criticizing, among others.
Answers to questions such as: What is ?, How is ?, What parts have ?, What is ?, How ?, Etcetera behaves.
Its structure is based schema model: subject, aspects of the subject (qualities and parts), and relationship status (place and time)
Internal features
• Presents a view either objetico or subjective
• Employs a nominal lexicon; ie using nouns and verbs
Number example:
Platero is small, furry, soft; so soft on the outside, which would all cotton, not wearing bones. Only the jet mirrors of his eyes are hard like two beetles of black glass.
I leave it loose, and goes to the meadow, and warmly caressing with his snout, just rubbing them, roses, blue and their yellow flowers ... I call softly: "Platero? "And comes to me with a cheerful trot seems to laugh, not to know what great jingle ...
Exhibition
The Exhibition is a dataset on a topic} empirically obtained, by way of reflection or investigation whose purpose is to know, understand and clarify, which presupposes that the recipient with a consent to use as a starting point for these purposes.
The exhibition's structure: the introduction, development, and concussion where all the unknowns are solved topic
Gutter with various internal features such as:
• It is always written in the third person or impersonal
• Verb forms
• Linguistic Register
• Job definitions, classifications, instantiations, etc.
• Use connectors to make explicit the relationships between ideas
• Lexical Accuracy
It is widely used in various text types such as encyclopedias, dictionaries, news, factual texts, reports, etc.
Example display:
The mainstream media are ... They play a very important role in today's society because ...
The media have many advantages; among others, it is noteworthy that thanks to them ...
However, it is also true that the media sometimes have some drawbacks, such as ...
As for the comparison can be made between them, it must be said that all out for some virtue. So, the radio ... The press, meanwhile, ... TV ... And finally, Internet ... In conclusion, the present society can not be without ...
argumentation
The basic structure of the argument is divided into premises (baseline data) and arguments (pure view based on the premises from reasons). The argument is a discursive form always present in the social, public and private life.
Its purpose is to convince and / or persuade by arguments that appeal to rationality or emotion of the recipient.
It has the following internal features:
Employs instantiations, analogies, quotes, etc. deductive syllogisms
It is used in first or second person to make direct contact
It expresses both judgments and subjective opinions
It draws on concepts and data
Use connectors highlighting relationships between ideas
Predominates different text types such as essays, opinion pieces, debates, panel discussions, speeches, and more.
Example of argument:
You should use the bunglers Services; forty people in your area who have dealt with these services, more than two dozen have been absolutely satisfied.
dialogue
It is the basic form of human communication, through spontaneous conversation and its goal can be: convince, explain, describe, seduce, deceive, discuss, narrate, among many others.
It dialogic structure sequences from the intervention of each partner and each is identified by means of graphic marks; this means using more or less the form of a script.
Internal features:
Its lexicon, linguistic registers, verbal modes, et. Must be a particular way, because each partner is different and can think of a thousand ways to another party.
Sample dialogue:
Waiter: Sir, you want for dinner tonight?
Customer: I would try the dish created by the famous chef here.
Mozo: Okay. With that wishes to accompany her drink?
Client: With some fine red wine.
Mozo: Excellent, and I bring you your order, or change any questions feel free to call menu.
Customer: Thank you.
V. CONCLUSION:
Support Prototypes are the structural features of the texts that define a text as such. Each prototype has a specific textual language and particular external and internal structures.
VI EVALUATION:
1 What are the prototypes Support?
2 What is the difference between internal and external features of the prototypes Support?
3 What is the story?
4 What are the internal features of the narrative?
5. cites an example of narrative
6 What is the description?
7 What are the internal features of the description?
8 He cites an example of description
9 What is the exposure?
10 What are the internal features of the exhibition?
11 cites an example of exposure
12 What is the argument?
13 What are the internal features of the argument?
14 cites an example of argument
15 What is dialogue?
16 What are the internal features of the dialogue?
17 cites an example of dialogue
Diidxa saa'niru' Stí Shisha Hra Binnizá
I. Koko: TEXTUAL PROTOTYPES
II.-igbejade:
A yàn yi koko nitori a ṣayẹwo ohun awon koko, o si fẹ lati
dara ni oye idi kọọkan ti awọn prototypes Support, ohun ti won bo, ohun ti
characterizes wọn, bi wọn ti yato, ati bi a ti le ni imọ siwaju sii nipa wọn.
Prototypes Support ni o wa ni awọn ẹya ara ẹrọ ti awọn ṣeto
ti won ni wọpọ ni diẹ ninu awọn ọrọ, ti kọ tabi sọ, ni awọn ọrọ ti o ntokasi si
kan iru pipin lo lati systematize eyikeyi ọrọ, ati ki o gbe o ni kan ẹka
(textual Afọwọkọ) orisun yi bẹrẹ ohun ti o wa ni egbe ìwé kiko.
Awọn ọrọ ti wa ni gbogbo ṣe ṣee ṣe lati ni ju ọkan textual
Afọwọkọ, bi awọn kan aramada, biotilejepe o jẹ kan ti iwa oriṣi ti awọn alaye,
sugbon o tun ojo melo ni awọn apejuwe, awọn alaye, awọn iwe afọwọkọ ati paapa
ariyanjiyan.
Awọn Afọwọkọ
oriširiši textual narration, apejuwe, Ifihan nla, argumentation ati ọrọ.
A maa lo awọn
textual Afọwọkọ ni igbesi aye, fere lai a mọ, bi nigba ti a ni itan kan ni o
nitori a ti wa ni lilo awọn alaye, nigba ti a chatted pẹlu ore kan jẹ besikale
kan ti gidi-aye ọrọ, eyi ti o da lori wọn han ni sinima, paapa nigbati a ba ti
wa ni alaye nkan si ẹnikan miiran ti o ma ti wa ni fi han, ati ki o si akojọpọ;
o daju ti jiyàn pẹlu ẹnikan ki o si se alaye wa ojuami ti wo le ti wa ni pe ni
ariyanjiyan.
III.-ITOKASI:
Textual
Prototyping.
Support Prototypes
ni o wa ni awọn ẹya ara ẹrọ ti awọn igbekale awọn ọrọ ti o setumo kan ọrọ bi
iru. Kọọkan Afọwọkọ ni o ni kan pato textual ede ati ki o pato ita ati
ki o ti abẹnu ẹya.
Ita ẹya ara ẹrọ. Ni o wa awon ti o wa ni rọọrun han
lai ka awọn ọrọ ati ki o ntokasi si awọn pinpin akoonu ati igbejade eni.
Ti abẹnu ẹya ara ẹrọ. Awọn wọnyi ni awọn abuda ti o ti wa ni
šakiyesi nigbati kika ọrọ kan bi objectivity, subjectivity, textual iṣmiṣ,
textual discursive ipa ati awọn prototypes.
IV.-IDAGBASOKE:
Atilẹyin Awọn
prototypes ni o wa:
Narration
apejuwe
aranse
Argumentation
ọrọ
Ni soki
setumo prototypes Support:
Narration
Eleyi jẹ ọkan ninu awọn julọ ti a lo fun lojojumo ibaraẹnisọrọ
lo lati fun, jiyan, persuade, ere, intrigue, lara awon miran.
Awọn oniwe-be ti wa ni pin si awọn ẹya ara mẹta; ona tabi ni
ibẹrẹ ipo, idagbasoke, complication tabi sorapo, ki o si opin.
Awọn ẹya ara ẹrọ ti abẹnu
• Seasonality - ntokasi si awọn ọkọọkan ti awọn iṣẹlẹ.
• Ọrọ - soro ti isokan, eyi ti o ti wa ni ẹri nigbati o wa
ti isomọra laarin kan ati ki o koko kan igbese.
• Transformation - nigbati ipinlẹ yi. Fun apẹẹrẹ "lati
ogun si alafia."
• isokan ti igbese - ni awọn ilana ti Integration. Nipasẹ o
gba koja lati kan ona si ohun abajade, osease, a transformation ti wa ni da.
• Causality - tumo si wipe iṣẹlẹ ti wa ni sopọ nipa ibasepo
a ifẹsẹmulẹ.
Awọn alaye ti wa ni ti won ko pẹlu kan nira, ti o ti kọja
nira ati ti o ti kọja lọ kánrin gbogbo, ki o si tun Daju lati kan ti ojuami ti
wo; le si wa ni akọkọ ẹni (mọ bi awọn protagonist narrator), keji (mọ bi ẹrí
narrator) ati ki o kẹta (mọ bi àrágbáyamùyamú narrator)....
Apere ti alaye:
"Nigbati mo ti wá pada mo ti a gbekalẹ Obregonistas
Doña Adelina de la Parra o si tu mi.
Mo ti pada si ile, mo ti ṣe awọn iroyin ati ohunkohun ti
sonu; rẹ aga mule. Mo ti so fun u bayi ebun ọmọbinrin, laundress, Cook ati
omoge nitori gbogbo wọn ni awọn ekunwo. Mo ti fi gbogbo awọn ti o fi aṣọ mi;
ati awọn miran eyi ti mo ti paṣẹ lati ṣe; sheets, bedspreads, tablecloths,
gbogbo awọn ti o wà dilute. Awọn iyokù, bi mo ti silẹ o pada. "
apejuwe Awọn apejuwe
jẹ kan oniduro ede ti awọn gidi aye tabi boya riro (bi eniyan, eranko, ibi,
ipo, ati be be ...) gbigba lati han awọn Iro nipasẹ awọn ogbon ati awọn okan
(iranti, egbe, fantasies, adape). Awọn oniwe Communicative idi ni lati fun,
persuade, gbe, criticizing, lara awon miran. Idahun si ibeere bi: Kini?, Bawo
ni?, Kini awọn ẹya ni?, Kini?, Bawo?, Etcetera huwa. Awọn oniwe-be ti wa ni
orisun aworan awoṣe: koko, ise ti awọn koko (awọn agbara ati awọn ẹya), ki o si
ibasepo ipo (ibi ati akoko) Awọn ẹya ara ẹrọ ti abẹnu • iloju kan wo boya
objetico tabi gẹgẹbi ero • Employs kan ipin lexicon; ie ati awọn lilo nouns
pàtó...
Number apẹẹrẹ:
Platero ni kekere, ni polini, asọ; ki asọ lori awọn ita, eyi
ti yoo gbogbo owu, ko wọ egungun. Nikan ni oko ofurufu ti awọn digi oju rẹ ni o
wa lile bi meji beetles ti dudu gilasi.
Mo ti fi o alaimuṣinṣin, o si lọ si awọn Meadow, ki o si oô
caressing pẹlu rẹ snout, o kan fifi pa wọn, Roses, ati awọn bulu wọn ofeefee awọn
ododo ... mo ti pe jẹjẹ: "Platero? "Ati wá si mi pẹlu kan cheerful
trot dabi lati nrerin, ko lati mọ ohun ti nla jingle ...
aranse
Awọn aranse jẹ kan eko kan lori koko} empirically gba, nipa ọna
ti otito tabi ti iwadi idi ni lati mọ, ni oye ki o si salaye, eyi ti
presupposes wipe awọn olugba pẹlu kan ase lati lo bi awọn kan ibẹrẹ fun awọn wọnyi
ti a ni.
Awọn aranse ká be: awọn ifihan, idagbasoke, ati concussion
ibi ti gbogbo awọn ti wa ni unknowns re koko
Gutter pẹlu orisirisi awọn ẹya ara ẹrọ ti abẹnu bi:
• O ti wa ni ma kọ ni awọn kẹta eniyan tabi impersonal
• ìse fọọmu
• ede Forukọsilẹ
• Job
itumo, classifications, instantiations, bbl
• Lo asopọ ti o fojuhan lati ṣe awọn ibasepo laarin awọn ero
• Lexical yiye
O ti wa ni o gbajumo ni lilo ni orisirisi ọrọ orisi bi
encyclopedias, itumo, awọn iroyin, asọpato awọn ọrọ, iroyin, bbl
Apere àpapọ:
Atijo media ni o wa ... nwọn mu kan pataki ipa ni oni awujọ
nitori ...
Awọn media ni ọpọlọpọ awọn anfani; lara awon miran, o jẹ
wipe noteworthy ọpẹ si wọn ...
Sugbon, o jẹ tun otito wipe awọn media ma ni diẹ ninu awọn
drawbacks, bi ...
Bi fun awọn lafiwe ni a le ṣe laarin wọn, o gbọdọ wa ni wi
pe gbogbo jade fun awọn ọrun. Nítorí náà, awọn redio ... Awọn tẹ, lọwọlọwọ, ...
TV ... Ati nipari, Ayelujara ... Ni ipari, awọn awujọ bayi ko le wa ni lai ...
Argumentation
Awọn ipilẹ be ti awọn ariyanjiyan ti pin si awọn agbegbe ile
(ipetele data) ati awọn ariyanjiyan (funfun wo da lori awọn agbegbe ile lati
idi). Awọn ariyanjiyan ni a discursive fọọmu nigbagbogbo bayi ni awujo, gbangba
ati ki o aladani aye.
Awọn oniwe-idi ni lati parowa ati / tabi persuade nipa
ariyanjiyan ti o rawọ si rationality tabi imolara ti awọn olugba.
O ni o ni awọn wọnyi ti abẹnu ẹya ara ẹrọ:
Employs
instantiations, analogies, avvon, bbl deductive syllogisms
O ti wa ni ti lo ni akọkọ tabi keji eniyan lati ṣe taara si
olubasọrọ
O expresses mejeeji ati awọn idajọ gẹgẹbi ero ero
O fa lori akori ati awọn data
Lilo asopọ ti fifi ibasepo laarin awọn ero
Predominates yatọ si ọrọ orisi bi aroko, ero ege, pewon,
nronu awọn ijiroro, eko, ki o si siwaju sii.
Apere ti ariyanjiyan:
O yẹ ki o lo awọn iṣẹ bunglers; ogoji eniyan ni agbegbe rẹ
ti o ti jiya pẹlu awọn iṣẹ, o ju meji mejila ti ti Egba didun.
ọrọ
O ti wa ni awọn ipilẹ fọọmu ti eda eniyan ibaraẹnisọrọ, nipa
lẹẹkọkan ibaraẹnisọrọ ati awọn oniwe-ìlépa le wa ni: parowa, se alaye, apejuwe,
seduce, tan, ọrọ, narrate, laarin ọpọlọpọ awọn miran.
O dialogic be lesese lati awọn intervention ti kọọkan
orogun, ati kọọkan ti wa ni damo nipa ọna ti ti iwọn bẹ; yi tumo si lilo diẹ ẹ
sii tabi kere si awọn fọọmu kan ti akosile. Ti abẹnu ẹya ara ẹrọ: Awọn oniwe lexicon, ede
fi han, isorosi ipa, et. Gbọdọ wa ni ona kan pato, nitori kọọkan alabaṣepọ ti o
yatọ si ati ki o le ro kan ti a ti ẹgbẹrun ona lati miiran kẹta.
Ayẹwo ọrọ:
Oluduro: Sir, ti o fẹ fun ale lalẹ?
Onibara: Emi yoo gbiyanju awọn satelaiti da nipa awọn gbajumọ
Oluwanje nibi.
Mozo: dara. Pẹlu ti o yó-rin ohun mimu rẹ?
Ni ose: Pẹlu awọn itanran pupa waini.
Mozo: tayọ, ati ki emi o mu o ibere re, tabi eyikeyi ibeere
yi lero free lati pe akojọ.
Onibara: ṣeun.
V. IKADII:
Support Prototypes ni o wa ni awọn ẹya ara ẹrọ ti awọn
igbekale awọn ọrọ ti o setumo kan ọrọ bi iru. Kọọkan Afọwọkọ ni o ni kan pato
textual ede ati ki o pato ita ati ki o ti abẹnu ẹya.
VI igbelewọn:
1 Kí ni o wa awọn prototypes Support?
2 Ki ni iyato laarin awọn ti abẹnu ati ti ita awọn ẹya ara ẹrọ
ti awọn prototypes Support?
3 Ki ni itan?
4 Kí ni o wa ni awọn ẹya ara ẹrọ ti awọn ti abẹnu awọn
alaye?
5 so nipa ohun ti apẹẹrẹ alaye
6 Ki ni awọn apejuwe?
7 Ki ni o wa ni awọn ẹya ara ẹrọ ti awọn ti abẹnu awọn
apejuwe?
8 O si so nipa ohun ti apẹẹrẹ apejuwe
9 Ki ni awọn ifihan?
10 Kí ni o wa ni awọn ẹya ara ẹrọ ti awọn ti abẹnu aranse?
11 so nipa ohun ti apẹẹrẹ ifihan
12 Ki ni ariyanjiyan?
13 Kí ni o wa ni awọn ẹya ara ẹrọ ti awọn ti abẹnu
ariyanjiyan?
14 so nipa ohun ti apẹẹrẹ ariyanjiyan
15 Ki ni 16
Kí ni o wa ni awọn ẹya ara ẹrọ ti awọn ti abẹnu ọrọ? 17
so nipa ohun ti apẹẹrẹ ọrọ
